Ultrasound/Microwave assisted extraction and evaluation of functional properties of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.)
Keywords:
Emerging technologies, biological activities, Industrial application.Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a tropical and subtropical fruit native to Asia that has been researched in recent years due to the bioactive compounds it possesses. It is estimated that the pomegranate juice extraction processing industry produces approximately 1.9 million metric tons of pomegranate peel worldwide as agro-industrial waste since only the arils are used and the peel, which comprises about 50% of the total weight of the fruit, it is discarded. This residue can be used due to the higher content of the phenolic compounds, that has demonstrated high antioxidant capacity among other biological activities such as antimicrobial and antiviral.
In this work, emerging technologies such as microwave, ultrasound, and hybridization of both techniques were experimented with for the extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate
peel. The results show that extraction with hybrid technology yielded the highest polyphenolic content (377.77 mg GAE/g dried pomegranate peel). HPLC/MS/ESI analysis showed that punicalagin, punicalin, and ellagic acid are the major compounds present in the pomegranate peel. These compounds reveal positive results from the biological assays, namely the antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays, which showed a high antioxidant capacity with 79.31% and 100% respectively. As well as the antimicrobial activity with E. coli and Salmonella spp. with inhibition diameters of 8.40 mm and 4.18 mm. It also proved the influence on stimulating the growth of the bacterium Lactobacillus brevis. Finally, the phenolic compounds recovered from the pomegranate peel showed no activity as a result of the cell toxicity tests. Being all this set of results favorable and promising for the manufacture of products in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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