Polyphenolic extract of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.): Characterization and in vitro antifungal activity
Keywords:
Agroindustrial byproduct, Antifungal capacity, Phytochemical composition, Ultrasound-assisted extraction.Abstract
The growing search for natural and environmentally friendly fungicides has led to research into the use of agro-industrial by-products. Mango leaves, obtained from orchard pruning, are an important source of high biological value compounds (HBVC) with possible antifungal activity. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a mango leaf extract obtained by ultrasound to inhibit phytopathogens that infect fruits of commercial interest. To obtain the extract, ultrasound was applied at different extraction times (10, 20, and 30 min) and the antioxidant capacity, total soluble phenols, and total flavonoids were evaluated. The phytochemical identification of the extract was performed with an HPLC-UV/VIS and the antifungal activity against Penicillium digitatum and Botrytis cinerea was assessed. The extraction for 30 min allowed obtaining a higher quantity of polyphenols (305.92 ± 3.52 mg. eq. trolox, 141.35 ± 3.18 mg GAE, 18.95 ± 0.66 mg. eq. rutin, for antioxidant capacity, total soluble phenols and total flavonoids, respectively). The compounds identified were mangiferin and chlorogenic, hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, and coumaric acids. A complete inhibition of P. digitatum and B. cinerea was obtained at concentrations of 20.51 and 9.35 mg/mL of extract, respectively. Mango leaf extract is an important source of CAVB with good antifungal capacity against fungi of commercial interest. This suggests its potential use as a natural alternative to conventional fungicides, offering a safe option for fruit treatment in the postharvest stage.
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