Development of a fertigation control system for hydroponic micro tunnel greenhouse for pepper cultivation (Capsicum Annuum L.)
Keywords:
Control, Evapotranspiration, Fuzzy Logic, Moisture, PLC.Abstract
One of the most widely used methods to estimate crop water requirements is the FAO Penman–Monteith evapotranspiration method. However, this method has limitations due to abrupt changes in climatic conditions. That can lead to inadequate irrigation and reduced crop productivity. This project proposes a substrate moisture control system that regulates irrigation using an intelligent control algorithm in a laboratory-scale micro-tunnel hydroponic greenhouse. The objective is to develop a fertigation control system for a hydroponic greenhouse that satisfies moisture and water consumption requirements. To achieve this, a mathematical model is established to describe the substrate moisture dynamics. Subsequently, it is evaluated using PID (Proportional–Integral–Derivative), FL (Fuzzy Logic), and NN (Neural Network) controllers. Next, the control algorithm is designed and programmed for the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). Finally, it is implemented in a laboratory-scale micro-tunnel greenhouse, where fertigation consumption and crop growth rate are evaluated. As a result, the evapotranspiration method yielded an MSE of 19.68% and a water volume of 213.25 L. In substrate moisture control, an MSE of 3.27% and a 64.57 L water consumption were obtained. Finally, the two approaches were compared, revealing that the controlled method reduced fertigation consumption by over 60% relative to the traditional approach. The limitations of this study are the fact that the greenhouse is laboratory scale, with an area of 6 square meters, and that climatic conditions during the experiment were not favorable for optimal crop development.
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