FITOMINERÍA DE METALES CRÍTICOS: POTENCIAL Y APLICACIONES EN MÉXICO
Palabras clave:
metales críticos, fitominería, residuos agroindustriales, residuos agrominerosResumen
Los metales críticos son esenciales para la industria moderna, la transición energética y el desarrollo tecnológico. Su extracción mediante minería convencional genera impactos ambientales significativos y enfrenta riesgos asociados a la disponibilidad y a la concentración geográfica de las reservas. La fitominería y la fitorremediación representan actualmente una ruta alternativa para la obtención de estos. La generación masiva de residuos agroalimentarios y agromineros en México ofrece una vía alterna para recuperar metales críticos como el hierro, el manganeso, el zinc, el cobre, el níquel, el cobalto y las tierras raras. Esta revisión aborda la definición y las aplicaciones de los metales críticos, los métodos tradicionales de obtención, los procesos de fitorremediación y fitominería, y el potencial de los residuos agroindustriales producidos en gran volumen como nuevas fuentes de metales estratégicos. Se discuten los avances, las limitaciones y las oportunidades para integrar estas técnicas en estrategias de economía circular y de sostenibilidad.
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