Efecto magnetocalórico, qué es y cuáles son los materiales EMC
Palabras clave:
magnetización, refrigeración magnética, efecto magnetocalórico, materiales EMCResumen
El efecto magnetocalórico (EMC) que presentan algunos materiales ha hecho posible el desarrollo en prototipos de una tecnología alternativa de refrigeración, la cual permitirá en un futuro reemplazar el funcionamiento de los dispositivos refrigerantes. Las unidades de refrigeración actuales utilizan gases que contribuyen al deterioro ambiental, aún cuando algunos de estos gases han sido sustituidos por otros que no contribuyen al efecto invernadero. Varios materiales EMC en desarrollo, han sido evaluados con resultados promisorios; el presente artículo pretende explicar el comportamiento EMC, el concepto de refrigeración magnética, así como los materiales o familias que poseen dicha característica. Se incluyen las aplicaciones previstas, así como las ventajas y desventajas del uso de la técnica de refrigeración magnética.
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