Biosorción de nanopartículas magnéticas de ferrita de manganeso a Rhodotorula toruloides para la mejora de procesos biocatalíticos de producción y extracción de metabolitos intra y extracelulares
Palabras clave:
biofuncionalización de materiales nanoestructurados, interacción de R. toruloides y sus metabolitos con nanopartículas funcionalizadas, hipertermia magnética inducida, separación y extracción magnéticaResumen
En el presente estudio se analizaron procesos bionanotecnológicos de obtención de invertasa extracelular y carotenoides dentro de membranas de levadura Rhodotorula toruloides. Se sintetizaron y se caracterizaron (mediante difracción de rayos X, DLS, magnetometría, TEM) las NPM de ferrita de manganeso recubiertas con quitosaño (MnFe₂O₄-Q) y funcionalizadas mediante unión covalente con bioligandos de afinidad a la invertasa y carotenoides, Con A y caseína, respectivamente. Se analizaron cinética e isoterma de adsorción de la levadura en las MnFe₂O₄-Q. El equilibrio de la adsorción se observó después de 2 h de interacción. La isoterma se ajustó al modelo de Freundlich.
Se observó un aumento en la producción de enzima invertasa y carotenoides en fermentación por adhesión a superficie (FAS) con 1 mg/mL y 2 mg/mL de MnFe₂O₄-Q, respectivamente. Se comprobó la capacidad de biomasa inmovilizada en MnFe₂O₄-Q para producir la invertasa en diferentes ciclos de fermentación. La invertasa se purificó mediante adsorción en NPM con concanavalina A obteniendo catalizador inmovilizado con mejores propiedades operacionales. Se definieron las condiciones para la desorción de enzima con metil-alfa-D-manopiranósido. Los carotenoides fueron extraídos utilizando NPM con caseína. Se demostró que el tratamiento con la hipertermia magnética es un método novedoso para la ruptura de células y la liberación de metabolitos intracelulares. Las NPM funcionalizadas son una herramienta prometedora para innovar procesos de producción y purificación de metabolitos de interés biotecnológico.
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