Avances en el desarrollo de nanopartículas transportadores de fármacos para el tratamiento del cáncer
Palabras clave:
biomateriales, cáncer, liberación controlada, nanopartículasResumen
Los biomateriales conformados por nanopartículas (NPs) han sido investigados ampliamente en la nanomedicina; se han utilizado como agentes de terapia, medios de transporte y para la administración de fármacos. Su importancia radica en sus propiedades y en la gran versatilidad en que pueden prepararse. Algunas de las características más importantes que deben tener este tipo de bionanopartículas son un alto valor de área superficial específica, alta capacidad de carga, biocompatibilidad y que se puedan funcionalizar. Los biomateriales nanoparticulados se han investigado como nanovehículos o nanocargadores de fármacos para tratamientos del cáncer a través de terapias dirigidas. Estudios realizados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) confirman que el cáncer es una de las 10 principales causas de muerte en el mundo; en gran parte esto se debe a la deficiencia en los tratamientos y poca especificidad de los fármacos, por lo que en las últimas dos décadas el área de la ciencia de materiales ha estado en constante desarrollo; los científicos están en la búsqueda de un material o sistema capaz de cargar, transportar y administrar fármacos antineoplásicos de manera específica. En el presente trabajo se aborda un análisis sobre la clasificación, ventajas y desventajas de diferentes tipos de NPs para aplicaciones biomédicas contra el cáncer.
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