Implicaciones ambientales y toxicológicas de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos: una revisión
Palabras clave:
hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP), contaminación, exposición, toxicidadResumen
Los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP) son un grupo de compuestos formados por dos o más anillos aromáticos. La principal fuente de estos contaminantes se debe a la combustión incompleta de la materia orgánica, como madera y combustibles fósiles (productos derivados del carbón y petróleo). Los HAP son uno de los contaminantes orgánicos persistentes debido a sus propiedades características y su alta presencia en el medio ambiente. Estos contaminantes son una fuente de preocupación debido a sus efectos tóxicos que tienen en la salud humana ya que ninguna persona está exenta de entrar en contacto con estos contaminantes. En este trabajo se revisa la literatura que describe de forma general a los HAP, así como su persistencia en el medio ambiente tanto en aire, agua y el suelo. También se describen las vías de exposición que puede ser por inhalación, ingestión y contacto dérmico (por la piel), además de sus efectos negativos que tiene la exposición a corto y largo plazo que incluyen los efectos teratogénicos, genotóxicos, mutagénicos y cancerígenos que tienen los HAP en el cuerpo humano.
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