Hibridación en los procesos de soldadura: Una revisión
Palabras clave:
soldadura, soldadura hibrida, arco eléctrico, láserResumen
La soldadura híbrida combina dos procesos de soldadura para ampliar las capacidades con una amplia gama de aplicaciones. Las limitaciones del proceso de soldadura individual se convierten en ventajas cuando se combina con un proceso de soldadura secundario, como resultado de la hibridación, por lo que los procesos de soldadura híbridos se consideran una solución efectiva con ventajas significativas sobre el proceso de soldadura simple convencional. Esta revisión presenta una descripción general de los diferentes enfoques de soldadura híbrida. Se analizan diferentes enfoques de este proceso, como la soldadura híbrida basada en láser y por arco-arco, revelando cómo la convergencia de diferentes tipos de arcos eléctricos abre nuevas posibilidades en términos de penetración, control térmico y calidad de la soldadura.
Referencias
Acherjee, B. (2018). Hybrid laser arc welding: State-of-art review. Optics & Laser Technology, 99: 60-71.
Agrawal, N., Thakur, M., Raj, J., & Baghel, A. (2017). A review on TIG/MIG welded joints. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng., 4: 65-71.
Ascari, A., Fortunato, A., Orazi, L., & Campana, G. (2012). The influence of process parameters on porosity formation in hybrid LASER-GMA welding of AA6082 aluminum alloy. Optics & Laser Technology, 44(5): 1485-1490.
Asibeluo, I., & Emifoniye, E. (2015). Effect of arc welding current on the mechanical properties of A36 carbon steel weld joints. SSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2(9): 32-40.
Atabaki, M. M., Nikodinovski, M., Chenier, P., Ma, J., Liu, W., & Kovacevic, R. (2014). Experimental and numerical investigations of hybrid laser arc welding of aluminum alloys in the thick T-joint configuration. Optics & Laser Technology, 59: 68-92.
Bhavsar, A. N., & Patel, V. A. (2016). Influence of process parameters of TIG welding process on mechanical properties of SS304L welded joint. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3(5): 977-981.
Cai, D., Han, S., Zheng, S., Luo, Z., Zhang, Y., & Wang, K. (2018). Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Al5083 alloy hybrid plasma-MIG welds. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 255: 530-535.
Casalino, G., Mortello, M., Leo, P., Benyounis, K., & Olabi, A. (2014). Study on arc and laser powers in the hybrid welding of AA5754 Al-alloy. Materials & Design, 61: 191-198.
Chatterjee, A., Kumar, S., Tewari, R., & Dey, G. K. (2016). Welding of Mo-based alloy using electron beam and laser-GTAW hybrid welding techniques. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 47: 1143-1152.
Chen, M., Xu, J., Xin, L., Zhao, Z., Wu, F., Ma, S., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Effect of keyhole characteristics on porosity formation during pulsed laser-GTA hybrid welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 93: 139-145.
Churiaque, C., Chludzinski, M., Porrua-Lara, M., Dominguez-Abecia, A., Abad- Fraga, F., & Sánchez-Amaya, J. M. (2019). Laser hybrid butt welding of large thickness naval steel. Metals, 9(1): 100.
Dal, M., & Fabbro, R. (2016). An overview of the state of art in laser welding simulation. Optics & Laser Technology, 78: 2-14.
Dilthey, U., & Wiesschemann, A. (2002). Perspectives offered by combining a laser beam with arc welding procedures. Welding international, 16(9): 711-719.
Ebrahimpour, A., Salami, S., & Saeid, T. (2023). Experimental and finite element investigation on hybrid GTAW-GMAW of duplex stainless steel. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 125(3-4): 1543- 1557.
Elmer, J., Hochanadel, P., Lachenberg, K., & Webber, T. (2009). Introduction to high energy density electron and laser beam welding. No. LLNL-BOOK-417590: 3-14.
Emmelmann, C., Kirchhoff, M., & Petri, N. (2011). Development of plasma-laser- hybrid welding process. Physics Procedia, 12: 194-200.
Fan, X. a., Gao, X., Liu, G., Ma, N., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Research and prospect of welding monitoring technology based on machine vision. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 115: 3365-3391.
Favi, C., Campi, F., & Germani, M. (2019). Comparative life cycle assessment of metal arc welding technologies by using engineering design documentation. The international journal of life cycle assessment, 24: 2140-2172.
Gao, M., Mei, S., Wang, Z., Li, X., & Zeng, X. (2012). Process and joint characterizations of laser–MIG hybrid welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 212(6): 1338-1346.
Gullino, A., Matteis, P., & D’Aiuto, F. (2019). Review of aluminum-to-steel welding technologies for car-body applications. Metals, 9(3): 315.
Gumenyuk, A., & Rethmeier, M. (2013). Developments in hybrid laser-arc welding technology. In Handbook of laser welding technologies, 19: 505-521.
Indhu, R., Soundarapandian, S., & Vijayaraghavan, L. (2018). Yb: YAG laser welding of dual phase steel to aluminium alloy. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 262: 411-421.
Ishide, T., Tsubota, S., & Watanabe, M. (2003). Latest MIG, TIG arc-YAG laser hybrid welding systems for various welding products. First International Symposium on High-Power Laser Macroprocessing, 4831: 347-354.
Ismail, A. A., Fuhaid, M. S., & Murali, R. (2017). A International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 5: 114-117.
Kah, P., & Martikainen, J. (2012). Current trends in welding processes and materials: improve in effectiveness. Review on advanced materials Science, 30(2): 189- 200.
Kah, P., & Martikainen, J. (2013). Influence of shielding gases in the welding of metals. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 64: 1411-1421.
Kim, C., Ahn, Y., & Kim, J. (2011). CO2 laser-micro plasma arc hybrid welding for galvanized steel sheets. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 21: s47-s53.
Kou, S. (2020). Welding metallurgy. (Tercera edición). University of Wisconsin: John Wiley & Sons. 374 Pp.
Kumar, A., & Sundarrajan, S. (2009). Effect of welding parameters on mechanical properties and optimization of pulsed TIG welding of Al-Mg-Si alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 42: 118-125.
Kumar, G. V., Ganesh, P. S., Pandey, A., Bharath, G. S., & Kumar, K. V. (2021). Studies on Stainless Steel 304 Samples Joined by Submerged Arc Welding, MIG Welding and Hybrid Welding. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1185: 12-24.
Kumar Rajak, D., Pagar, D. D., Menezes, P. L., & Eyvazian, A. (2020). Friction-based welding processes: friction welding and friction stir welding. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 34(24): 2613-2637.
Kuryntsev, S. (2021). A review: Laser welding of dissimilar materials (Al/Fe, Al/Ti, Al/Cu)—Methods and techniques, microstructure and properties. Materials, 15(1): 122.
Kutelu, B. J., Seidu, S. O., Eghabor, G. I., & Ibitoye, A. I. (2018). Review of GTAW welding parameters. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 6(5): 541-554.
Le Guen, E., Fabbro, R., Carin, M., Coste, F., & Le Masson, P. (2011). Analysis of hybrid Nd:Yag laser-MAG arc welding processes. Optics & Laser Technology, 43(7): 1155-1166.
Li, R., Li, Z., Zhu, Y., & Rong, L. (2011). A comparative study of laser beam welding and laser–MIG hybrid welding of Ti–Al–Zr–Fe titanium alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 528(3): 1138-1142.
Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Kvidahl, L. (2013). Penetration depth monitoring and control in submerged arc welding. Weld J, 92(2): 48s-56s.
Liu, L., & Chen, M. (2011). Interactions between laser and arc plasma during laser– arc hybrid welding of magnesium alloy. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 49(9-10): 1224-1231.
Liu, L., Chen, M., & Li, C. (2013). Effect of electric arc on laser keyhole behavior based on direct observation during low power pulsed laser–arc hybrid welding process. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 51(10): 1153-1160.
Liu, S., Chen, S., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, H., & Ding, H. (2017). Analysis of plasma characteristics and conductive mechanism of laser assisted pulsed arc welding. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 92: 39-47.
Lokesh, K., Karthikeyan, P., Narasimma, R., Prasanna, B., & George, O. (2015). Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ASS (304)-FSS (430) Dissimilar Joints in IN SMAW and GTAW Process. International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Research Technology, 6: 367-378.
Lu, Y., Chen, S., Shi, Y., Li, X., Chen, J., Kvidahl, L., & Zhang, Y. M. (2014). Double- electrode arc welding process: principle, variants, control and developments. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 16(1): 93-108.
Mahrle, A., Rose, S., Schnick, M., Beyer, E., & Füssel, U. (2013). Laser-assisted plasma arc welding of stainless steel. Journal of Laser Applications, 25(3). [En línea] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2351/1.4798338.
Martinsen, K., Hu, S., & Carlson, B. (2015). Joining of dissimilar materials. Cirp Annals, 64(2): 679-699.
Mehta, K. (2017). Advanced joining and welding techniques: an overview. Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Modern Machining, Advanced Joining, Sustainable Manufacturing, 101-136.
Meng, X., Qin, G., Zhang, Y., Fu, B., & Zou, Z. (2014). High speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding of mild steel plate. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214(11): 2417-2424.
Messler Jr, R. W. (2008). Principles of welding: processes, physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. John Wiley & Sons. 1(2): 3-40.
Miao, Y., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Wu, Y., Zhao, Y., & Li, C. (2022). Effects of bypass-current and outer plasma current on the arc stability and melt pool behaviors during plasma-MIG hybrid arc welding. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 82: 415-424.
Mishra, R. R., Tiwari, V. K., & Rajesha, S. (2014). A study of tensile strength of MIG and TIG welded dissimilar joints of mild steel and stainless steel. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 3(2): 23-32.
Mohamat, S. A., Ibrahim, I. A., Amir, A., & Ghalib, A. (2012). The effect of flux core arc welding (FCAW) processes on different parameters. Procedia Engineering, 41: 1497-1501.
Muñoz, M. Á. Z., Escoto, P. A. O., & Gordillo, G. B. (2021). Automated MIG Welding Application: An Industrial Case Study. International Conference on Machine and Industrial Design in Mechanical Engineering, 627-635.
Mvola, B., & Kah, P. (2017). Effects of shielding gas control: welded joint properties in GMAW process optimization. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 88: 2369-2387.
Nilsson, K., Engström, H., Heimbs, S., & Kaplan, A. (2003). Parameter influence in CO2-laser/MIG hybrid welding. Annual assembly of International Institute of Welding: 06/07/2003-10/07/2003. 2: 3-25.
Pardal, G., Martina, F., & Williams, S. (2019). Laser stabilization of GMAW additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V components. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 272: 1-8.
Petring, D. (2010). Enhancing laser welding capabilities by hybridisation or combination with other processes. In Advances in Laser Materials Processing, 10: 261-287.
Piekarska, W., & Kubiak, M. (2013). Modeling of thermal phenomena in single laser beam and laser-arc hybrid welding processes using projection method. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(4): 2051-2062.
Rathod, D. W. (2021). Comprehensive analysis of gas tungsten arc welding technique for Ni-base weld overlay. Advanced welding and deforming, 4:105- 126.
Reisgen, U., Olschok, S., & Engels, O. (2018). Laser beam submerged arc hybrid welding: A novel hybrid welding process. Journal of Laser Applications, 30(4): 2-8.
Reisgen, U., Olschok, S., Jakobs, S., Schleser, M., Mokrov, O., & Rossiter, E. (2012). Laser beam submerged arc hybrid welding. Physics Procedia, 39: 75-83.
Rodríguez-Hernández, T., Cruz-Hernández, V., García-Rentería, M., Torres- Gonzalez, R., García-Villarreal, S., Curiel-López, F., & Falcón-Franco, L. (2020). First assessment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gtaw-gmaw hybrid welding of 6061-t6 AA. Journal of manufacturing processes, 59: 658-667.
Sai Sandeep, S., Renuka, S., Sai Pavan, V., Hari, N., & Veeresh Kumar, G. (2022). Welding of Stainless Steel 316 Joined by Using Multipass SAW, MIG, and Hybrid (SAW and MIG) Welding. Conference of Innovative Product Design and Intelligent Manufacturing System, 177-186.
Seyffarth, P., & Krivtsun, I. (2002). Laser-arc processes and their applications in welding and material treatment, 1:43-84.
Shankara, S., Mehtab, K. P., Chattopadhyayaa, S., & Vilaçab, P. (2021). Hybrid welding technologies. Advanced Welding and Deforming, 9: 231.
Sharma, A., Mohanty, U. K., Tanaka, M., & Suga, T. (2021). Mechanism of gap bridgeability in lap-fillet laser-arc hybrid welding. Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 8(3): 355-371.
Shenghai, Z., Yifu, S., & Huijuan, Q. (2013). The technology and welding joint properties of hybrid laser-tig welding on thick plate. Optics & Laser Technology, 48: 381-388.
Siddharth, P., & Narayanan, C. S. (2020). A review on Electron Beam Welding process. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1706(1): 012-208
Singh, R., Kumar, R., Feo, L., & Fraternali, F. (2016). Friction welding of dissimilar plastic/polymer materials with metal powder reinforcement for engineering applications. Composites Part B: Engineering, 101: 77-86.
Singh, R. P., Dubey, S., Singh, A., & Kumar, S. (2021). A review paper on friction stir welding process. Materials Today: Proceedings, 38: 6-11.
Singh, R. P., Kumar, S., Dubey, S., & Singh, A. (2021). A review on working and applications of oxy-acetylene gas welding. Materials Today: Proceedings, 38: 34-39.
Steen, W., Eboo, M., & Clarke, J. (1978). Arc augmented laser welding of materials. Advances in Welding Processes Proceedings. 4th International Conference. Harrogate, UK,
Steen, W. M., & Mazumder, J. (2010). Laser material processing. springer science & business media. 4: 199-229.
Van Anh, N., Shinichi, T., Van, H. B., & Manabu, T. (2017). Development of plasma- MIG hybrid welding process. 35(2): 132s-136s.
Węglowski, M. S., Błacha, S., & Phillips, A. (2016). Electron beam welding– Techniques and trends–Review. Vacuum, 130: 72-92.
Welding, A. (2022). Types of Welding Processes. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.nuclear-power.com/nuclear-engineering/metals-what-are-metals/metal-joining-processes/welding/types-of-welding-processes/.
Weman, K. (2011). Welding processes handbook. (Segunda edición). Ed. Elsevier.
167 Pp.
Wu, C., Wang, L., Ren, W., & Zhang, X. (2014). Plasma arc welding: Process, sensing, control and modeling. Journal of manufacturing processes, 16(1): 74-85.
Yang, K., Wang, F., Duan, D., Zhang, T., Luo, C., Cressault, Y., Yu, Z., Yang, L., & Li,
H. (2021). Experimental investigation of integrated circular triple-wire pulse GMAW of Q960E high-strength steel for construction machinery. Materials, 14(2): 375.
Yang, T., Chen, L., Zhuang, Y., Liu, J., & Chen, W. (2020). Arcs interaction mechanism in Plasma-MIG hybrid welding of 2219 aluminium alloy. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 56: 635-642.
Yang, T., Xiong, J., & Chen, H. (2016). Effect of process parameters on tensile strength in plasma-MIG hybrid welding for 2219 aluminum alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 84: 2413-2421. Zhang, H., He, W., Zheng, H., Yu, J., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Gao, J., & Su, Z. (2023). Plasma-Pulsed GMAW Hybrid Welding Process of 6061 Aluminum and Zinc- Coated Steel. Crystals, 13(5): 723.
Zhang, L.-J., Ning, J., Zhang, X.-J., Zhang, G.-F., & Zhang, J.-X. (2015). Single pass hybrid laser–MIG welding of 4-mm thick copper without preheating. Materials & Design, 74: 1-18.
Zhang, Y. M., Yang, Y.-P., Zhang, W., & Na, S.-J. (2020). Advanced welding manufacturing: a brief analysis and review of challenges and solutions. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 142(11): 110816.
