Desde el genoma a las proteínas del virus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), una revisión
Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2,, COVID19, proteómica, ARN viralResumen
A finales del 2019 emergió el virus conocido como el virus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provocando la enfermedad COVID19. En el 2020, el SARS-CoV-2 se había esparcido por Europa y África, hasta llegar al continente americano. El SARS-CoV-2 es de ARN de cadena sencilla, sentido positivo, el cual, codifica para proteínas estructurales, proteínas no estructurales y proteínas accesorias. Cabe mencionar que existe escasa información de la biología del SARS-CoV-2, sin embargo, su parecido con el SARS-CoV, permite hipotetizar las funciones de cada proteína. Además, se ha observado que el genoma de SARS-CoV-2 presenta variantes génicas, pero la expresión y función de las variantes proteicas aun es desconocida. Los signos y síntomas causados por COVID19, son comparados a los que produce el virus de la influenza H1N1, incluidos la tos, temperatura elevada, disnea, diarrea, debilidad y fatiga, entre otros. Para el diagnóstico, se cuenta con métodos moleculares como detección de anticuerpos (IgG e IgM), pero estos resultan ser de poca especificidad. Por otro lado, la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa - transcriptasa reversa, es el método más confiable para identificar el SARS-CoV-2. El tratamiento clínico en pacientes con COVID19 incluye medidas de prevención y control de infecciones; sin embargo, no existe tratamiento específico. Algunos tratamientos propuestos, son inhibidores de los receptores ACE2, inhibidores de la ARN polimerasa dependiente de ARN, entre otros. En el presente trabajo, se pretende hacer una búsqueda y discusión de la información en proteómica que sirva de base para desarrollar estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas en contra del SARS-CoV-2 y del COVID19.
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