Evaluación de residuos vegetales de la industria de alimentos como fuente de carbohidratos fucosilados
Palabras clave:
aprovechamiento de residuos, compuestos bioactivos, fucosa, hemicelulosa, xiloglucanoResumen
La fucosa es un monosacárido presente en diversas macromoléculas: carbohidratos, glicolípidos y glicoproteínas; desempeña un papel crucial en diversos eventos de interacción celular y forma parte de la estructura de oligosacáridos de leche humana, importantes para la salud de los lactantes. Para la síntesis de estos es deseable contar con sustratos donadores de fucosa que no liberen subpro-ductos tóxicos. Los xiloglucanos fucosilados emergen como una pro-metedora fuente de fucosa. Estos son polisacáridos química y estruc-turalmente diversos que forman parte de la pared celular primaria de muchas plantas terrestres, haciendo una red con las microfi-brillas de celulosa. En muchos cultivos vegetales para consumo humano se han encontrado xiloglucanos fucosilados, por lo que la biomasa procedente de los residuos vegetales de la industria de ali-mentos es una fuente aprovechable de obtención de estos carbohidratos. Además, ya hay evidencia de obtención, por vía enzimática, de oligosacáridos de leche humana a partir de xiloglucano de manzana y lactosa, lo cual corrobora la utilidad de este polisacárido. El aprovechamiento de desechos agroindustriales para obtener fuco-sa a través del xiloglucano fucosilado abre nuevas perspectivas para la producción de compuestos bioactivos benéficos para la salud.
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