Remoción de diclofenaco de soluciones acuosas por adsorción: una revisión
Palabras clave:
adsorción, diclofenaco de sodio, fármacos emergentes, agua residualResumen
Actualmente, la contaminación del agua es uno de los problemas que más preocupan a la comunidad científica y a la población en general, debido a que el acceso a agua potable y de calidad es cada vez más difícil, por lo cual se han planteado acciones locales y globales para mitigar este problema. Por otra parte, efluentes acuosos industriales deben ser tratados antes de ser descargados a las corrientes de agua municipal, ya que la presencia de moléculas como el diclofenaco afecta negativamente en los ecosistemas por ser altamente persistentes en medios acuosos. El diclofenaco es un fármaco indicado para tratar inflamación y mitigar el dolor y, al ser consumido por un gran número de personas quienes más tarde lo eliminan en la orina, está presente en las corrientes de agua municipal. Para eliminar o disminuir significativamente la presencia de contaminantes en el agua residual municipal se emplean diversos procesos que utilizan varias tecnologías. La adsorción es una técnica que se ha propuesto como una alternativa para mejorar la calidad del agua contaminada con fármacos y optimizar el tratamiento de los efluentes industriales y municipales. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de los principales materiales adsorbentes que han sido utilizados para la remoción de diclofenaco de sodio en soluciones acuosas. También se presenta un análisis de las principales características de estos materiales y las variables físico-químicas que afectan en el proceso de adsorción de diclofenaco en diversos materiales.
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