Edible Cacti and Their Fruits: A Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for Human Health

Abstract

This review examines the edible fruits of the cacti Stenocereus queretaroensis, Cereus repandus, Ferocactus pilosus, Eulychnia acida, Opuntia ficus-indica, Hylocereus undatus, Matyllucactus geometricans, and Carnegiea gigantea, appreciated both for their flavor and health benefits. These cacti are distributed mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Americas, especially in Mexico and South America. The consumption of these fruits has traditionally been part of the diet of local communities due to their nutritional and bioactive properties. Betalains stand out for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties among the bioactive compounds in these fruits. Betalains have demonstrated their efficacy in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation, which contributes to preventing chronic diseases. The potential of these cacti for the food and pharmaceutical industry is discussed, highlighting the importance of their conservation and sustainable use to ensure the sustainability of these cactus species and the preservation of their natural habitats. Overexploitation and agricultural expansion can endanger these plants, so promoting cultivation and harvesting practices that respect the ecological balance is important.