Nanopartículas de selenio en la biomedicina: síntesis, propiedades y aplicaciones terapéuticas.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68038/s9h4t382Palabras clave:
selenio, nanopartículas, síntesis, aplicaciones biomédicasResumen
Las nanopartículas de selenio (SeNP) han emergido como una alternativa prometedora en la biomedicina moderna gracias a su baja toxicidad, alta biocompatibilidad y multifuncionalidad terapéutica. Este artículo presenta una revisión general sobre su origen, métodos de síntesis y principales aplicaciones biomédicas. El selenio, elemento esencial para el organismo, adquiere propiedades mejoradas al reducirse a escala nanométrica, incrementando su biodisponibilidad y capacidad antioxidante. Las SeNP pueden obtenerse mediante diversas técnicas biológicas, químicas y físicas, siendo la biosíntesis la opción más sostenible y biocompatible. Además, su superficie funcionalizable permite su uso como vehículos inteligentes para la liberación dirigida de fármacos, con aplicaciones emergentes en medicina regenerativa y neuroprotección. En el ámbito médico, las SeNP destacan por su actividad anticancerígena, antioxidante, antimicrobiana, antidiabética y antiinflamatoria, actuando mediante la modulación de vías moleculares relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo y la apoptosis. En conjunto, las nanopartículas de selenio representan una plataforma versátil y sustentable con un gran potencial en el desarrollo de terapias más seguras, específicas y eficaces, consolidándose como una herramienta clave para la nanomedicina del futuro.
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