Efecto del PWHT en la actualidad: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.68038/mkyj4z43Palabras clave:
tratamiento térmico, soldadura, propiedadesResumen
El tratamiento térmico post-soldadura (pwht) es fundamental para garantizar la integridad de uniones metálicas mediante el alivio de esfuerzos residuales y la estabilización microestructural. Esta revisión sintetiza investigaciones del periodo 2020–2025, analizando los mecanismos de relajación elasto-plástica y el rol de la plasticidad inducida por transformación (trip) como amortiguador de tensiones internas. Se examina la respuesta de materiales avanzados, incluyendo aceros de alta resistencia y aceros inoxidables, destacando la necesidad de optimizar las rampas térmicas para evitar la degradación de propiedades mecánicas. Asimismo, se exploran tecnologías avanzadas como la simulación computacional y los tratamientos térmicos localizados, proporcionando una perspectiva crítica sobre la evolución del pwht hacia procesos más eficientes.
Referencias
Alipooramirabad, H., Paradowska, A., Reid, M., & Ghomashchi, R. (2022). Effects of PWHT on the residual stress and microstructure of Bisalloy 80 steel welds. Metals, 12(10), 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101569
Boudreault, E., Hazel, B., Coté, J., & Godin, S. (2014). In situ post-weld heat treatment on martensitic stainless steel turbine runners using a robotic induction heating process to control temperature distribution. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 22(1), 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/22/1/012016
Cao, J., Wang, Y., Xu, G., Liu, X., Zeng, X., & Wei, K. (2025). Effect of post-weld induction heat treatment on single-pass high-power laser-arc hybrid welded thick stainless steel clad plate: Microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 38, 2623–2635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.08.068
Chakravarthula, G. K., Quamar, M. J., Nagumothu, K. B., Venkata Guttula, S. K., Bandi, B., & Talari, M. K. (2024). Investigations of microstructure and mechanical properties of post-weld heat-treated DP780 steel TIG welds. Fusion Science and Technology, 80(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2219830
Chen, F. R., Huo, L. X., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, L., Liu, F. J., & Chen, G. F. T. (2002). Effects of electron beam local post-weld heat-treatment on the microstructure and properties of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel welded joints. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 129(1–3), 412–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00704-5
Falodun, O., Oke, S., & Bodunrin, M. (2025). A comprehensive review of residual stresses in carbon steel welding: Formation mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and advanced post-weld heat treatment techniques. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 136(10), 4107–4140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-025-15088-8
Ferro, P., Berto, F., Bonollo, F., Romanin, L., & Salemi, G. (2020). Post welding heat treatment improving mechanical properties on Ti-6Al-4V. Procedia Structural Integrity, 26, 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.06.003
Goo, B.-C. (2021). Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the fatigue behavior of medium-strength carbon steel weldments. Metals, 11(11), 1700. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111700
Gutiérrez Corani, H., & Quispe Coca, R. A. (2024). Tecnología de calentamiento por inducción: Eficiencia y seguridad en procesos industriales y domésticos. Horizonte Académico, 4(2), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.70208/3007.8245.v4.n4.15
Kellai, A., Kahla, S., Dehimi, S., Kaba, L., & Boutaghou, Z. (2022). Effect of post weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a gas-tungsten-arc-welded 304 stainless steel. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 121(11–12), 8171–8186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09896-5
Kromm, A., Lausch, T., Schroepfer, D., Rhode, M., & Kannengiesser, T. (2020a). Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel: Part I—effect of heat control on welding stresses and stress relief cracking. Welding in the World, 64(5), 807–817 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00875-6
Kromm, A., Lausch, T., Schroepfer, D., Rhode, M., & Kannengiesser, T. (2020b). Influence of welding stresses on relief cracking during heat treatment of a creep-resistant 13CrMoV steel Part II: Mechanisms of stress relief cracking during post weld heat treatment. Welding in the World, 64(5), 819–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-020-00881-8
Li, L., Mi, G., & Wang, C. (2019). A comparison between induction pre-heating and induction post-heating of laser-induction hybrid welding on S690QL steel. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 43, 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.05.003
Liu, Z., Hu, X., Yang, Z., Yang, B., Chen, J., Luo, Y., & Song, M. (2021). Optimization study of post-weld heat treatment for 12Cr1MoV pipe welded joint. Metals, 11(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010127
Rodríguez Soca, I., Díaz Hernández, Y., Fiol Zulueta, A., & Caballero Stevens, N. (2012, noviembre). Método para el cálculo de hornos metódicos de pozo para el revenido de aceros [Ponencia]. Convención Científica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura, La Habana, Cuba. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308417027_Metodo_para_el_calculo_de_hornos_metodicos_de_pozo_para_el_revenido_de_aceros_Metodo_para_el_calculo_de_hornos_metodicos_de_pozo_para_el_revenido_de_aceros
Seong, D., An, G., Park, J., & Woo, W. (2023). Welding residual stress distributions in the thickness direction under constraints using neutron diffraction and contour methods. Metals, 13(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010025
Sisodia, R. P. S., & Gáspár, M. (2021). Investigation of metallurgical and mechanical properties of laser beam welded and post-weld heat treated DP1400 steel. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 30(3), 1703–1710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05469-x
Sisodia, R., Sliwinski, P., Koncz-Horváth, D., & Węglowski, M. St. (2024). In situ localised post-weld heat treatment with electron beam welding of S690QL steel. Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, 9, 100182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100182
Sisodia, R. P. S., Sliwinski, P., Koncz-Horváth, D., & Węglowski, M. St. (2024). Influence of post-weld heat treatment on S960QL high-strength structural steel electron-beam-welded joint. Metals, 14(12), 1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14121393
Syahroni, N., & Hidayat, M. I. P. (2012). 3D finite element simulation of T-joint fillet weld: Effect of various welding sequences on the residual stresses and distortions. En M. Andriychuk (Ed.), Numerical simulation—From theory to industry. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/50015
Tomerlin, D., Marić, D., Kozak, D., & Samardžić, I. (2023). Post-weld heat treatment of S690QL1 steel welded joints: Influence on microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stress. Metals, 13(5), 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13050999
Xiong, J., Wang, R., Zhao, D., Liu, H., & Zhou, J. (2024). Effects of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of automatic laser-arc hybrid welded AZ31B magnesium alloys. Metals, 14(7), 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14070806
Yang, Y. P. (2021). Recent advances in the prediction of weld residual stress and distortion—Part 1. Welding Journal, 100, 151-s–170-s. https://doi.org/10.29391/2021.100.013
Yu, B., Wang, P., Song, X., & Huo, S. (2022). The residual stress relief of post weld heat treatment in SMA490BW welded joints: Simulation and experiment. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 200, 104852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2022.104852
Zhang, H., Li, R., Liu, J., Wang, K., Weijian, Q., Shi, L., Lei, L., He, W., & Wu, S. (2024). State-of-art review on the process-structure-properties-performance linkage in wire arc additive manufacturing. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 19(1), e2390495. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2024.2390495
