Potencial de los residuos de piña: Compuestos bioactivos y su importancia biológica en la salud humana

Abstract

This document reviews the potential of pineapple waste as a source of bioactive compounds and their importance for human health. It highlights that the food industry generates large amounts of pineapple waste, such as peel, core, and crown, which contain carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and enzymes with beneficial effects. The most relevant bioactive compounds identified in the waste include polyphenols, tannins, and bromelain. These have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidepressant properties. Research emphasizes that these compounds can help prevent chronic diseases and have applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. In terms of extraction, various techniques have been developed, from conventional methods such as maceration and Soxhlet to emerging technologies such as ultrasound and microwaves. The need to optimize these processes for better recovery and utilization of active compounds is emphasized. Pineapple residues have been shown to be effective in reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting bacterial growth, and modulating inflammatory responses. Bromelain, in particular, has been studied for its effects against infections and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, pineapple extracts have been found to have antidepressant effects by influencing serotonin levels. In conclusion, the valorization of pineapple waste represents an opportunity for the development of functional products and natural therapies.