Identificación de compuestos fenólicos en albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) para elaboración de repelente para Aedes aegypti.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify phenolic compounds in Ocimum

basilicum L. (basil) leaves to develop a natural repellent

against Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, zika, and

chikungunya. Essential oil was extracted through

hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus and compared

with commercial oils. A liquid repellent was then formulated

from the extracted oil, and the active compounds were

identified using thin-layer chromatography (TLC),

confirming eugenol as the main phenolic component. The

experimental design included stability analyses at 0, 3, and 6

months, with the retention factor (Rf) used as the reference

parameter. Results revealed a gradual decrease in Rf over

time, indicating eugenol degradation and reduced product

stability. It was concluded that basil essential oil possesses

repellent potential; however, formulation adjustments in pH

and storage conditions are necessary to maintain its

effectiveness. This research provides experimental evidence

supporting the development of sustainable, plant-based

repellents as natural alternatives to synthetic products.