Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in patients at General Hospital Zone No. 16 in Torreón Coahuila, Mexico.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is defined as sustained blood pressure levels above 140/90 associated with proteinuria in pregnant women with a gestational age greater than 20 weeks, it is a pathology with a worldwide prevalence of 10% of pregnancies. In Mexico, the incidence is 47.3 per 1,000 births.Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with preeclampsia in patients at General Hospital Zone No. 16 in Torreón, Coahuila. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, retrospective, and analytical study was conducted. Sociodemographic characteristics, gynecological-obstetric data, and medical history were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using SPSS version 25.Results: A total of 139 cases were analyzed. The predominant age group was 20 to 29 years (56.2%). Of the total, 91.4% were overweight or obese, and 36.7% were primigravidas. A history of preeclampsia was present in 18.7% of cases. During the current pregnancy, 87.1% were diagnosed clinically and 12.9% biochemically. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was required in 5.8% of cases.Discussion: Identified risk factors included obesity, multiple pregnancy, chronic kidney disease, early gestational age, and a history of preeclampsia. Early-onset preeclampsia was associated with a higher rate of ICU admission.