Efecto antioxidante de polifenoles extraídos de cáscara de granada sobre oleogeles a base de aceite vegetal y etilcelulosa
Palabras clave:
oleogel; etilcelulosa; punicalagina; polifenoles.Resumen
Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar el uso de polifenoles extraídos de la cáscara de granada como agente antioxidante para el desarrollo de oleogeles a base de etilcelulosa en aceite vegetal y establecer la cantidad óptima de polifenoles necesaria para preservar la estabilidad oxidativa del oleogel y sus propiedades mecánicas. Los polifenoles de cáscara de granada (pp-polifenoles) se extrajeron y purificaron (usando HPLC-flash), se deshidrataron y se pulverizaron; sus componentes se caracterizaron por HPLC-MS/MS. Utilizando la metodología de Taguchi (arreglo ortogonal L9 33), se evaluaron los factores etilcelulosa 45 cP (3, 6 y 12 %), pp-polifenoles (0.05, 0.1 y 0.2 %) y temperatura (140, 150 y 160 °C) sobre el oxidación de lípidos producidos
durante el proceso de elaboración del oleogel mediante métodos de peróxidos y dienos conjugados y complementada con FTIR. También se determinaron las propiedades mecánicas de los oleogeles desarrollados. Los resultados mostraron que el principal polifenol identificado en la cáscara de granada fue la punicalagina (anómeros α y β). Con base en el modelo estadístico de Taguchi, se seleccionó la formulación con 3% de EC y 0.1% de pp-polifenoles y el procedimiento térmico a 160 °C durante 2 horas, ya que bajo estas condiciones se obtuvo la mayor inhibición de oxidación (hasta 90%). El índice de peróxidos determinado en esta muestra (5,62 ± 0,4 mEq/kg) estuvo dentro del límite permitido para aceites vegetales comestibles (máximo 10 mEq/kg). Se determinó que ni la adición de polifenoles ni el proceso térmico establecido alteraron las propiedades mecánicas de los oleogeles, independientemente de la adición de pp-polifenoles. Se sugirió complementar este trabajo con la investigación del sinergismo entre los pp-polifenoles y los componentes del oleogel antes de sugerir una funcionalidad o posible aplicación.
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