Al2O3 modificado con Zn2+ obtenido por el método sol-gel aplicado en la degradación de fenol por fotocatálisis heterogénea
Palabras clave:
Al2O3:Zn2+, degradación de fenol, fotocatálisis, luz UV, síntesis sol-gel.Resumen
Se propuso el diseño y síntesis de Al2O3 modificado con diferentes contenidos de Zn2+ (0.5, 1.0 y 2.0% en masa), los cuáles fueron etiquetados como AZn05, AZn1 y AZn2, respectivamente. La preparación de los materiales se llevó a cabo por el método de síntesis sol-gel y fueron aplicados en la degradación y mineralización de fenol en medio acuoso por fotocatálisis heterogénea. Los materiales fueron caracterizados por difracción de rayos-X, espectroscopía de reflectancia difusa UV-Vis, fisisorción de nitrógeno y fotoluminiscencia. Por otro lado, la degradación y mineralización de fenol fue cuantificada por espectroscopía UV-Vis y carbono orgánico total, respectivamente. La evaluación fotocatalítica mostró que el Al2O3 sin modificar presentó un porcentaje de degradación de fenol del 67% y una mineralización del 59%. Sin embargo, la adición de Zn2+ en alúmina mejoró su eficiencia fotocatalítica, se observó que, el material más eficiente fue AZn1 con un porcentaje de degradación y mineralización del 79% y 68%, respectivamente. Estos resultados demuestran que la incorporación de bajas concentraciones de Zn2+ en Al2O3, tiene un efecto en el incremento de vacancias promoviendo una eficiencia fotocatalítica superior que Al2O3 sin modificar, además, el análisis por fotoluminiscencia muestra que la adición de Zn2+ disminuye la rapidez de recombinación del par fotogenerado e--h+.
La síntesis de materiales novedosos a base de Al2O3 abre una brecha importante para su estudio en fotocatálisis ya que ha sido poco explorado, además, su aplicación en la remediación de aguas contaminadas atiende a un problema nacional que pretende mitigar los problemas de contaminación en agua.
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