Optimización y Evaluación de Recubrimientos Fotocatalíticos con Nanopartículas de TiO2 para la Eliminación de Microorganismos Patógenos en Entornos Críticos
Palabras clave:
Fotocatálisis TiO2, Recubrimientos antibacterianos, Eliminación de patógenos, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.Resumen
Los ambientes interiores húmedos facilitan la proliferación de microorganismos, lo que plantea riesgos importantes para la salud pública. Este estudio se centra en la eficacia de recubrimientos fotocatalíticos con nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio (TiO2) Degussa p25 para eliminar Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus bajo irradiación UV. El objetivo fue no solo demostrar la efectividad de estos recubrimientos, sino también mejorar la metodología de evaluación para futuros materiales fotocatalíticos. Se aplicaron dos metodologías: el método de adhesión en vidrio, basado en la norma ISO 27447:2009, y una prueba con polvo fotocatalítico en suspensión líquida, adaptada con base en la literatura científica. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en el número de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) bacterianas con los recubrimientos fotocatalíticos, en contraste con los controles donde las concentraciones bacterianas se mantuvieron constantes. Se implementaron varias mejoras metodológicas relevantes como la ampliación de la gama de intensidades y tiempos de exposición UV, métodos mejorados de aplicación de recubrimientos, evaluación de condiciones de prueba variables y optimización de la distribución del inóculo y la suspensión fotocatalítica. Estas mejoras metodológicas son cruciales para la evaluación de nuevos materiales fotocatalíticos, con aplicaciones potenciales en entornos críticos como hospitales y escuelas, promoviendo así la salud pública y la seguridad al reducir la propagación de patógenos.
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