Extracto polifenólico de hojas de mango (Mangifera indica L.): Caracterización y actividad antifúngica in vitro
Palabras clave:
Capacidad antifúngica, Composición fitoquímica, Extracción asistida por ultrasonido, Subproducto agroindustrial.Resumen
La creciente búsqueda de fungicidas naturales y amigables con el ambiente ha causado que las investigaciones se dirijan hacia el aprovechamiento de los subproductos agroindustriales. Las hojas de mango, obtenidas de la poda de los huertos, son una fuente importante de compuestos de alto valor biológico (CAVB) con posible actividad antifúngica. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la viabilidad del uso de un extracto de hojas de mango obtenido por ultrasonido en la inhibición de fitopatógenos que infectan frutos de interés comercial. Para obtener el extracto se aplicó ultrasonido a diferentes tiempos (10, 20 y 30 min) y se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante, fenoles solubles totales y flavonoides totales. La identificación fitoquímica del extracto se realizó mediante HPLC-UV/VIS y se evaluó la actividad antifúngica frente a Penicillium digitatum y Botrytis cinerea. La extracción por 30 min permitió obtener mayor cantidad de polifenoles (305.92 ± 3.52 mg. eq. trolox, 141.35 ± 3.18 mg EAG y 18.95 ± 0.66 mg eq. rutina, para capacidad antioxidante, fenoles solubles totales y flavonoides totales, respectivamente). Los compuestos identificados fueron mangiferina y el ácido clorogénico, hidroxibenzoico, cafeico y cumárico. Se obtuvo una inhibición total de P. digitatum y B. cinerea a concentraciones de 20.51 y 9.35 mg/mL de extracto, respectivamente. El extracto de hojas de mango es una fuente importante de CAVB con buena capacidad antifúngica contra hongos de interés comercial. Esto sugiere su potencial uso como una alternativa natural a los fungicidas convencionales, ofreciendo una opción segura para el tratamiento de frutos en la etapa de poscosecha.
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