Efluentes de fermentación obscura aprovechados como inóculo y substrato para producción de electricidad en celdas de combustible microbianas
Palabras clave:
Efluentes de fermentación obscura, Celdas de combustible microbianas, Comunidad microbiana, relación inoculo-substrato, Resistencia a la transferencia de carga.Resumen
La vinculación directa de la fermentación obscura con las celdas de combustible microbianas (MFC) podría verse limitada por la variabilidad en la composición de los efluentes de fermentación oscura (DFE) y por el uso de un inóculo externo. En esta investigación se probaron dos tipos de DFE reales en tres series para determinar la viabilidad de usar directamente los efluentes como inóculo y sustrato en una MFC. En cada prueba se investigó la composición del DFE real, la relación inóculo-sustrato (ISR), la comunidad microbiana y la resistencia a la transferencia de carga en circuito abierto y cerrado. La mayor densidad de potencia (0.4 a 0.5 mW m-2) se atribuyó al contenido de sólidos volátiles y a un DFE menos complejo con una ISR de 0.35 y 0.52. El porcentaje de abundancia relativa de microorganismos electroactivos fue solo del 30%, lo que indica la necesidad de un procedimiento de enriquecimiento de este tipo de microorganismos. Las mediciones de resistencia a la transferencia de carga fueron más precisas cuando las MFC estaban en circuito abierto, y la distribución de resistencias reveló que el cátodo era el electrodo limitante. La vinculación directa de la fermentación oscura con la MFC fue factible; sin embargo, aún son necesarias mejoras que conduzcan al enriquecimiento de la comunidad electroactiva y a la disminución de la resistencia en el cátodo. Los resultados de esta investigación contribuyen al aprovechamiento de las aguas residuales procedentes de bioprocesos para producción de electricidad.
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