Desarrollo de un alimento para tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) con harina de larva de mosca soldado negro Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Palabras clave:
Nutrición acuícola, tilapia del Nilo, alimentación alternativa, Hermetia illucens.Resumen
La larva de la mosca soldado negro (Hermetia illucens) es una de las fuentes de proteína más prometedoras para peces, debido a su contenido nutricional y adecuada digestibilidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar un alimento elaborado con base en harina de larva de mosca soldado para la tilapia en etapa alevín; esto con el objetivo de reemplazar el uso de la harina de pescado, que por su costo y disponibilidad variable se convierte un factor limitante para la acuicultura. Para ello, a partir de la larva de mosca soldado negro alimentada con residuos orgánicos (HMS-R), se elaboró un alimento de tamaño de partícula HMS-R 585 μm y otro de HMS-R 841 μm; ambos alimentos fueron evaluados con respecto a su composición química proximal, densidad del pellet, densidad aparente, índice de absorción de agua, índice de solubilidad, factor de hinchamiento y su efecto en el crecimiento de alevines de tilapia por 8 semanas. Se utilizó alimento comercial como alimento control (AC) (malta-Cleyton 45%). El alimento HMS-R 841 μm mostró menor densidad del pellet en comparación con el AC (P<0.05), mientras que HMS-R 595 μm presentó menor flotabilidad en comparación con el AC (P<0.05). El crecimiento de la tilapia fue mayor (3.24± 0.23 g) en comparación con el alimento comercial (1.14±0.20 g). El alimento con larva de mosca soldado tiene uso potencial para la tilapia en etapa alevín; sin embargo, es necesario mejorar la calidad del pellet, aumentar su flotabilidad y reducir la densidad con respecto a la del agua.
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