Revista Internacional & Comparada de Derechos Humanos
type: channel
description: The Revista Internacional & Comparada de Derechos Humanos is a biannual academic and scientific publication edited by the Academia Interamericana de Derechos Humanos of the Autonomous University of Coahuila. Its purpose is to disseminate analytical, critical, contextual, and theoretical studies on human rights, both at the national and international levels, always from a comparative perspective. The journal is aimed at researchers, professors, students, and professionals interested in the study and practice of human rights. In line with this purpose, the publication promotes open access, peer review, and compliance with international ethical standards, ensuring quality and transparency at every stage of the editorial process. Through this publication, the Academia Interamericana de Derechos Humanos seeks to strengthen academic debate and contribute to the construction of more just and inclusive societies. In this direction, the journal consolidates itself as a space for critical reflection and interdisciplinary dialogue, placing at its center the validity and defense of human rights in comparative contexts.
publisher: Academia Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila
language: en
publication name: Revista Internacional & Comparada de Derechos Humanos
issn: 2992-8613
copyright: This means that anyone may read, download, copy, distribute, print, link to, and reuse the content, provided that proper credit is given to the authors and the journal.
items: https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/1043
items: Review. Zaffaroni, Eugenio Raul, La Pachamama y el humano. Buenos Aires, Ediciones Colihue / Ediciones Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 2011.
items: Review. Rodríguez Garavito, César, El cambio climático en el banquillo, Argentina, Siglo Veintiuno Editores S.A., 2025
items: Review. Bastien-Olvera, Bernardo A.; Pilatowsky Gruner, Raiza; Crúz Mena, Javier; Marcé Santa, Erika. Divulgación y cambio climático, Mexico, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 2025.
items: Advisory Opinion OC-32/25 on the Climate Emergency and Human Rights: A Milestone in Inter-American Law
items: Advisory Opinions of International Courts on Climate Change: Standards for State Obligations
items: The General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food from a Critical and Comprehensive Human Rights Perspective
items: Environmental Damage and the Defense of Collective Rights: Responses from the Purépecha Community of San Jerónimo Purenchécuaro to the Crisis in the Pátzcuaro Basin
items: Education and Food Quality: A Reflection on the General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food
items: Regulatory Capture and Water Crisis in Latin America: A Bioethical Reading within the Framework of Human Rights and Environmental Justice
items: The water crisis of Lake Pátzcuaro in light of the Inter-American standards
items: The climate crisis before regional human rights courts: comparative perspectives from Europe
items: Review. Villalpando, José Manuel (ed.), Reflections on the Implementation of Judicial Reform, 2024–2025, Mexico City, Escuela Libre de Derecho, 2025.
items: Review. López Noriega, Saúl; Martín Reyes, Javier (eds.), The Judicial Storm: Implications of the 2024 Reform in Mexico, Mexico City: Nexos, 2025.
items: https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/941
items: Book review. Iannaccone, Rosa, Another Form of Presidentialism: A Comparative Study of Latin American Systems of Government Based on the Cases of Mexico and Chile, Turin: Giappichelli, 2025.
items: The right to choose: An ethical and legal dialogue on abortion andassisted suicide
items: Judicial independence in the evolution of the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: progress and prospects
items: Models for appointing Constitutional Court Justices: A proposed classification as a framework for reflection on the method of popular election
items: Gender Parity on the Supreme Court ofJustice: Implications of the2025 Judicial Reform.
items: The popular election of judges in Mexico: an analysis from a comparative perspective
items: Human Rights Vulnerabilities in Mexico and the Protection of Migrants and Refugees: “Between Hope and the State’s Obligation”
items: “Hate Speech as a Limit on Freedom of Expression”: A Critical Analysis of Irene Spigno’s Work in the Context of Democratic Erosion
items: The 2024 constitutional reform of the judiciary: challenges in evaluation, committee integration, and electoral campaigns
items: Between the ballot box and the robe: judicial reform in Mexico and its consequences for democracy
items: The role of the constitutional judge in safeguarding the right to health of persons deprived of liberty in the state of Nuevo León
items: A Politicized Judicial Administration? The Composition and Functioning of the Judicial Administration Body
items: Review. Martinico Giuseppe & Ruotolo Gianpaolo Maria, The Law in Graphic Narratives: Legal Perspectives on Comics, Manga and Anime. Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter.
items: https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/489
items: https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/488

https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/1043
type: item
title: Review. Ferrario, Micol, Transnational Judicial Communication. Doctrinal Frameworks, Institutional Dynamics and Empirical Evidence from the Swiss Federal Tribunal and Beyond, New York, Routledge, 2026.
description: Transnational judicial communication (TJC), understood as the voluntary judicial application of foreign law in purely domestic matters, is a tool that enables judges to issue more robust rulings that foster the development of a global legal system. In an era when countries are interconnected through the internet, social media, and the global market, national law cannot lag behind and continue to ignore the standards emerging in other parts of the world, especially when it comes to the broadest protection of human rights. For this reason, the book Transnational Judicial Communication. Doctrinal Frameworks, Institutional Dynamics, and Empirical Evidence from the Swiss Federal Tribunal and Beyond, by Italian author Micol Ferrario, is of utmost relevance and timeliness for understanding the implementation of transnational judicial communication and its implications. This book is the result of the author’s research conducted to earn her Ph.D. at the University of Neuchâtel. We can therefore affirm that it was produced with methodological and scientific rigor.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Juan Antonio Corral Reséndiz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Juan Antonio Corral Reséndiz (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 245
ending page: 248

Review. Zaffaroni, Eugenio Raul, La Pachamama y el humano. Buenos Aires, Ediciones Colihue / Ediciones Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 2011.
type: item
description: The author of the work under review, Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni, is one of Latin America’s leading criminal law scholars and criminologists, an academic, a former justice of the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina, and a judge on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights from 2016 to 2021. La Pachamama y el Humano brings together three texts: the central essay by Zaffaroni himself, a foreword by historian and journalist Osvaldo Bayer, and an afterword by legal scholar Matías Bailone, accompanied by illustrations by artist Miguel Rep. The work has academic origins: it emerged from two keynote lectures that Zaffaroni delivered upon receiving honorary doctorates from the National University of Tucumán (2009) and the Simón Bolívar Andean University in Quito (2010). In this context, the author systematically developed a reflection on the place of human beings in nature, animal rights, animal abuse in criminal law, and the emergence of Latin American neoconstitutionalism as a legal response to the global ecological crisis.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Rodrigo Santiago Juárez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rodrigo Santiago Juárez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04

Review. Rodríguez Garavito, César, El cambio climático en el banquillo, Argentina, Siglo Veintiuno Editores S.A., 2025
type: item
description: The book, titled *Climate Change on Trial*, was written by César Rodríguez Garavito and published in Argentina by Siglo XXI Editores; this is its first edition. It was translated by Ezequiel Zaidenwerg-Dib, and its ISBN is 978-987-801-481-4. The book has 240 pages and is part of the “Otros futuros posibles” (Other Possible Futures) series, edited by Maristella Svampa. The book’s table of contents is divided into five chapters, which chronicle how the environment and its conservation evolved from being an issue that was a priority only for a few concerned individuals to becoming the responsibility of governments worldwide. As is the case with most social causes, the general public first identifies a social problem; a movement is launched by individuals that gains momentum over time; and eventually, government institutions step in to attempt to legislate on the matter.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Wendy Yadira Mata Valdez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wendy Yadira Mata Valdez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 235
ending page: 238

Review. Bastien-Olvera, Bernardo A.; Pilatowsky Gruner, Raiza; Crúz Mena, Javier; Marcé Santa, Erika. Divulgación y cambio climático, Mexico, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 2025.
type: item
description: The book Divulgación y cambio climático, produced following a series of lectures and discussions organized by the Climate Change Research Program at the National Autonomous University of Mexico since 2021, aims to disseminate knowledge about the topics addressed by the experts who participated in the lecture sessions.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Carlos Armando Galván Gutiérrez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Armando Galván Gutiérrez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 229
ending page: 234

Advisory Opinion OC-32/25 on the Climate Emergency and Human Rights: A Milestone in Inter-American Law
type: item
description: On May 29, 2025, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) issued Advisory Opinion OC-32/25 on the Climate Emergency and Human Rights, in response to the joint request submitted on January 9, 2023, by the Republic of Chile and the Republic of Colombia. This ruling, adopted during the 176th Regular Session of the IACHR, is undoubtedly the most ambitious and comprehensive legal document the Inter-American System has produced on the relationship between the climate crisis and states’ human rights obligations. OC-32/25 comes at a historic moment in which three high-level international bodies have addressed, almost simultaneously, the obligations of States regarding climate change: the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, which issued an advisory opinion on May 21, 2024, on climate change and international law; the International Court of Justice, which issued an advisory opinion on states’ obligations regarding climate change; and now the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
subject: Regulatory and jurisprudential comments
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creator: Rodrigo Santiago Juárez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rodrigo Santiago Juárez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 213
ending page: 225

Advisory Opinions of International Courts on Climate Change: Standards for State Obligations
type: item
description: Advisory opinions issued by international courts, although generally non-binding, have taken on a fundamental role in interpreting and defining states’ obligations regarding climate change. In this context, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR), the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), and the International Court of Justice (ICJ) have established standards that guide states toward the prevention of significant environmental harm, international cooperation, and the adoption of mitigation policies. These rulings have reinforced the idea that climate change is a global problem that requires coordinated and solidarity-based responses. This document analyzes how advisory opinions on climate change issued by international courts serve, first, as instruments that recognize the problem of the enjoyment of human rights in the context of climate change and, second, as sources that define the obligations incumbent upon States at the international level.
subject: Essays
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creator: José Manuel López Libreros
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 José Manuel López Libreros (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 193
ending page: 209

The General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food from a Critical and Comprehensive Human Rights Perspective
type: item
description: On April 17, 2024, the General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food (hereinafter LGAAS) was enacted, following years of legislative obstruction by various opposition groups within the processed foods industry. The implementation of this law faces a range of institutional challenges that go beyond mere compliance with its regulations. Ensuring adequate and sustainable food calls for reflection on the social dynamics surrounding the production of healthy food, such as the territorialization of local agriculture, the limitation of transnational food distribution chains, the preservation of native seeds and plants that guarantee sustainability, and access to information on endemic foods that strengthen a culture of local consumption. In this regard, this text offers a brief geopolitical context underlying the effective implementation of the LGAAS and the various dimensions involved in exercising the right to healthy and sustainable food. Based on a documentary methodological strategy, the hypothesis posits that the applicability of the LGAAS must go beyond mere regulatory compliance by legal and non-legal institutions; rather, it must serve as a catalyst for social mobilization in Mexico that strives for social transformation through the right to healthier and more sustainable food, which entails challenging the economic power of large food corporations.
subject: Essays
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creator: Héctor Parra García
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Héctor Parra García (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 177
ending page: 192

Environmental Damage and the Defense of Collective Rights: Responses from the Purépecha Community of San Jerónimo Purenchécuaro to the Crisis in the Pátzcuaro Basin
type: item
description: This article pretend to show the relationship between ecological damage and human rights violations of Indigenous peoples living along the riverside of Pátzcuaro´s lake, particularly the human and collective rights to environmental protection, water, and food, based on the experience of the Indigenous community of San Jerónimo Purenchécuaro, located in the municipality of Quiroga, Michoacán. The results presented were found through a research conducted between 2023 and 2025 in the community, using a Participatory Action Research (Par) approach, dialogue of knowledges, and participant observation. The article describes the drought´s effects —resulting from ecological degradation— in Pátzcuaro´s lake basin. The text studies the alterations caused in the communal food system and the vulnerability that emerged within the community as a consequence of these impacts, particularly related to environmental protection, water, and food rights. Finally, the article outlines the actions taken by the community and the results achieved thus far, as well as the challenges and future perspectives arising from the enactment of Mexico’s General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food (hereinafter Glasf).
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Blanca Ireri Camacho Carrasco
creator: Ramsés Tzintzun Baca
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Blanca Ireri Camacho Carrasco, Ramsés Tzintzun Baca (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 145
ending page: 174

Education and Food Quality: A Reflection on the General Law on Adequate and Sustainable Food
type: item
description: This article highlights the importance of training people in topics related to nutrition as an essential component of the educational field. It also analyzes how education is not only necessary, but, following the enactment of the General Law of Adequate and Sustainable Food (Lgaas), it is established as an unavoidable obligation for educational institutions, as it constitutes one of the most effective means to provide, from an early age, the information and knowledge that allow making appropriate decisions about nutritional habits that contribute to a dignified life. In the same way, the constitutional recognition of the right to food in Mexico is addressed, which was incorporated until October 2011 in Article 4 of the Constitution as the right of every person to nutritious, sufficient, and quality food, establishing the obligation of the State to guarantee it. Likewise, the article emphasizes how, from this point, various legal provisions and public policies have been developed to strengthen this right and transform food education, leaving behind the merely biological approach to promote practices that raise awareness among students and encourage new lifestyles. From the analysis carried out, it is noted that these initiatives have proven insufficient in the face of eating practices deeply rooted in the national culture. Therefore, transferring these programs to the classrooms requires overcoming the exclusively theoretical approach and promoting critical and reasoned reflections that allow genuine and sustainable changes. In this context, the Lgaas, published on April 17, 2024, acknowledges the need to ensure food requirements for a dignified life. Consequently, the present analysis highlights the importance of integrating nutritional content into the curricula and training teachers as the main agents of change.
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Gisela García Garza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gisela García Garza (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 123
ending page: 144

Regulatory Capture and Water Crisis in Latin America: A Bioethical Reading within the Framework of Human Rights and Environmental Justice
type: item
description: This article analyzes regulatory capture as a structural determinant that weakens the collective protection of water and deepens the water crisis in Latin America, with particular attention to the Mexican case. Considering the complexity of this phenomenon, it proposes an interdisciplinary perspective that brings together the discursive fields of human rights, global bioethics, international law, and environmental justice in order to examine how water governance may be shaped by private interests linked to extractive industries, agro-industrial activities, and other economic sectors associated with the high environmental impact generated in recent decades. The article argues that the degradation of rivers, aquifers, and rainwater bodies does not respond solely to technical failures, natural scarcity, or regulatory insufficiency, but also to structural and institutional dynamics that allow economic actors to interfere in regulation, oversight, the production of scientific evidence, and public decision-making. Several Latin American cases are used to illustrate mechanisms of regulatory disruption, including revolving doors, material and ideological incentives, voluntary self-regulation, legal or economic retaliation, and the control of critical information. The article argues that these practices violate the human right to water, public health, and a healthy environment, particularly for communities living under conditions of exclusion and for future generations. Finally, it proposes a regulatory governance framework grounded in bioethics, guided by the precautionary principle, the principle of responsibility, and the comprehensive reparation of water-related, environmental, and health damages.
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Alejandro Sánchez Guerrero
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alejandro Sánchez Guerrero (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 85
ending page: 122

The water crisis of Lake Pátzcuaro in light of the Inter-American standards
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description: This article analyzes the biocultural crisis resulting from the progressive desiccation of Lake Pátzcuaro —Japunda— in light of the standards of the Inter-American Human Rights System. The primary objective is to examine the compatibility of the Mexican State's response with international obligations regarding a healthy environment and cultural integrity. Employing a qualitative and dogmatic approach, cutting-edge Inter-American standards are contrasted with empirical data obtained through public information access mechanisms (Conagua and Inpi records). The findings reveal a significant gap in environmental due diligence and an institutional asymmetry characterized by the omission of cultural appropriateness in water management, which constitutes an ontological incompatibility with the P'urhépecha people's worldview. It concludes that administrative inaction and the lack of effective oversight represent an inobservance of the criteria established in the Inter-American Court's jurisprudence, highlighting the imperative need to transition towards biocultural justice frameworks that guarantee the material and spiritual survival of lacustrine communities.
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Cristian Alberto López Rodríguez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Alberto López Rodríguez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-04
publication date: 2026-07-04
starting page: 57
ending page: 84

The climate crisis before regional human rights courts: comparative perspectives from Europe
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description: Several key challenges and questions concerning the climate crisis remain in international human rights law without definite answers; despite the uncontested fact that the climate emergency is caused by human activity/state action and gives rise to always more serious human rights violations. These include the attribution of harm, the extraterritorial application of human rights obligations, damages and reparation or the identification of rights-holders. Against this backdrop, this paper argues that a comparative approach with a specific focus on the Inter-American and European human rights systems offers important guidance for addressing these gaps. Of key interest are the Inter-American Court’s Advisory Opinion AO-32/25 Climate Emergency and Human Rights and the KlimaSeniorinnen judgment of the European Court of Human Rights. Both provide valuable insights on most of the above questions and have the potential to influence the evolution of climate litigation. Thus, despite notable substantive and procedural differences between both, the European and the Inter-American human rights systems, this emerging jurisprudence contributes meaningfully to clarifying States’ obligations in the context of the climate crisis. A solid understanding of the European human rights system, especially the European Court of Human Rights, is therefore essential to fully appreciate the potential of the Inter-American approach.
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Christina Binder
creator: Renata Rossi Ignácio
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Christina Binder, Renata Rossi Ignácio (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: 13
ending page: 56

Review. Villalpando, José Manuel (ed.), Reflections on the Implementation of Judicial Reform, 2024–2025, Mexico City, Escuela Libre de Derecho, 2025.
type: item
description: The book *Reflections on the Implementation of the 2024–2025 Judicial Reform*, published by the Escuela Libre de Derecho (ELD), is one of the first collective analyses of the impact of the most controversial judicial reform in Mexico in recent decades. Unlike other works that focus on the constitutional reform itself, this book examines its concrete effects. It examines institutional dilemmas, the tensions between democratic legitimacy and judicial independence, and the practical implications of implementing the ideal of popular election of judges within the reality of Mexican politics.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Víctor Manuel Vera García
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 301
ending page: 305

Review. López Noriega, Saúl; Martín Reyes, Javier (eds.), The Judicial Storm: Implications of the 2024 Reform in Mexico, Mexico City: Nexos, 2025.
type: item
description: The book, edited by Saúl López Noriega and Javier Martín Reyes, is a must-read for anyone interested in constitutional law and the promotion and defense of human rights. This is true not only because of the depth and insight with which the authors address the thirteen chapters that make up the work, but also because it is being published at a time of enormous change in our country’s constitutional and legal landscape.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Rodrigo Santiago Juárez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 295
ending page: 300

https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/941
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title: Review. Saavedra Herrera, Camilo Emiliano (ed.), Twenty Years Is Nothing: The Supreme Court and Constitutional Justice Before and After the 1994 Judicial Reform, Mexico City: Center for Constitutional Studies of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, 2018.
description: The book "Twenty Years Is Nothing: The Supreme Court and Constitutional Justice Before and After the 1994 Judicial Reform", published by the Center for Constitutional Studies of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN) in 2018, offers a multidimensional analysis of the institutional transformation of the Federal Judiciary in Mexico, with an emphasis on the 1994 constitutional reform. The primary objective of the book is to delve into the causes, processes, and consequences of this crucial reform, whose fundamental purpose was to consolidate the SCJN as a true constitutional court dedicated to resolving matters of a constitutional nature.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Yessica Esquivel Alonso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 289
ending page: 294

Book review. Iannaccone, Rosa, Another Form of Presidentialism: A Comparative Study of Latin American Systems of Government Based on the Cases of Mexico and Chile, Turin: Giappichelli, 2025.
type: item
description: The book "Un altro presidenzialismo: A Comparative Study of the Latin American Form of Government Based on the Mexican and Chilean Cases", authored by Rosa Iannaccone, explores Latin American presidentialism and offers a notable and important comparative study of the presidential systems of two major countries in the region. The text aims to determine whether Latin American presidentialism exhibits unique characteristics that make it a distinct variant, different from the outset from the classic U.S. model, and thus to establish whether another form of presidentialism exists.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
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creator: Larissa Lizbeth Niño Soto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 285
ending page: 288

The right to choose: An ethical and legal dialogue on abortion andassisted suicide
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description: This text begins with a philosophical and legal discussion of two deeply controversial topics: abortion and assisted suicide. Taking as its starting point the reflections contained in Ronald Dworkin’s Justice for Hedgehogs (2011), this text also explores the contributions of contemporary thinkers such as Michael Sandel (2009), John Rawls (1995), Robert George (1999), Juan Miguel Zunzunegui (2012), and classics such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine of Hippo. The aim is not to issue a definitive judgment, but rather to present a comprehensive and rigorous analysis of the main ethical and legal foundations at stake, while also incorporating a faithful reconstruction of a critical conversation between the author and a reflective interlocutor.
subject: Notes
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creator: Juan Carlos Rodríguez Contreras
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 275
ending page: 282

Judicial independence in the evolution of the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: progress and prospects
type: item
description: Judicial independence is an essential element of a democratic system and, by extension, of the rule of law, as it ensures effective mechanisms for the protection of human rights by autonomous judicial authorities, subject only to the legal system. For this autonomy granted to judges to be genuine, it is essential to establish a set of safeguards that operate from the selection of those who will exercise judicial functions, through their stability and irremovability from office, to the provision of specific grounds that would allow for their eventual removal. All of the above has been the subject of case law derived from the rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, a brief overview of which is presented in this paper.
subject: Regulatory and jurisprudential comments
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creator: Julio César Cordón Aguilar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 249
ending page: 272

Models for appointing Constitutional Court Justices: A proposed classification as a framework for reflection on the method of popular election
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description: Given the wide variety of models that exist today, it is not easy to develop a classification system for the appointment of constitutional court justices that is as comprehensive as possible. It is, however, worthwhile to contribute to the efforts already made in this area by proposing a classification system that provides an overview of these models. This paper will contribute to that purpose by proposing a classification scheme that could prove useful wherever one wishes to implement, modify, or test selection procedures. The proposed framework, in fact, does not stray far from certain categories already formulated by legal doctrine, but the one presented here contains some new elements, as will be discussed later.
subject: Essays
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creator: José Antonio Estrada Marún
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 227
ending page: 246

Gender Parity on the Supreme Court ofJustice: Implications of the2025 Judicial Reform.
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description: The text examines the 2024 Mexican judicial reform and the 2025 special election, which introduced guaranteed parity to the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation for the first time. Historically, the Court was marked by the exclusion of women: from its creation in 1824 until 1961, no woman held a seat, and between 1994 and 2024, only seven female justices were appointed, compared to 21 male justices. The 2019 parity reform omitted the highest court, constituting a legislative oversight. Change came in 2024, when mandatory mechanisms were established to ensure a majority of women on the full bench. The 2025 election consolidated this progress: five female justices and four male justices, with 55% female representation and the expectation that four consecutive terms will be led by women. The essay concludes that, although the achievement is historic and symbolic, true transformation will depend on the quality of jurisprudence and institutional commitment to substantive equality.
subject: Essays
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creator: Daniela Monserrat Hernández Ávila
creator: Santiago Daniel Sánchez Juárez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 209
ending page: 225

The popular election of judges in Mexico: an analysis from a comparative perspective
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description: The text analyzes the popular election of judges in Mexico following the 2024 judicial reform, situating it within the debate on judicial independence and democratic legitimacy. It reviews comparative experiences: in the United States, where the vote introduces accountability but also politicization and financial dependence; in Bolivia, where the judicialization of the vote led to illegitimacy and subordination to political power; and in Europe, where judicial councils reinforce professionalization and depoliticization. The paper argues that judicial independence is a guarantee for citizens, not a privilege for judges, and that popular election can lead to judicial populism, undermining impartiality and public trust. In Mexico, the reform runs the risk of replicating negative dynamics if electoral logic is prioritized over judicial careers. The conclusion is clear: true democratization requires an independent, professional, and meritocratic judiciary capable of protecting rights against temporary majorities and political pressures.
subject: Essays
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creator: Vladimir Kaiceros Barranco
creator: Fátima del Rosario Tovar Plata
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-17
publication date: 2026-06-17
starting page: 191
ending page: 207

Human Rights Vulnerabilities in Mexico and the Protection of Migrants and Refugees: “Between Hope and the State’s Obligation”
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description: Human mobility is a human right recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (Art. 13) and in the American Convention on Human Rights (Art. 22). However, in Mexico, migration takes place in a context of extreme vulnerability characterized by violence from state and non-state actors, impunity, and social criminalization (CNDH 2021). This essay, drawing on the experience of the Casa del Migrante in Saltillo, Coahuila, seeks to analyze the vulnerability of the human rights of migrants and refugees in Mexico, highlight deficiencies in state protection, and propose concrete actions that contribute to guaranteeing these rights in accordance with international standards.
subject: Essays
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creator: Paula Florentino Robles
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 163
ending page: 189

“Hate Speech as a Limit on Freedom of Expression”: A Critical Analysis of Irene Spigno’s Work in the Context of Democratic Erosion
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description: The work of Irene Spigno critically examines the tension between freedom of expression and hate speech, highlighting how constitutional models and international law have shaped the limits of this right. It traces the circulation of constitutional ideas, the theoretical foundations of free speech, and broadens the definition of hate speech to include gender and sexual orientation. At the same time, it warns that hate speech legislation—originally designed to protect democracy—can be misused in contexts of democratic erosion to silence legitimate dissent and strengthen authoritarian projects, as documented in cases from Europe, Russia, Rwanda, and Venezuela. Overall, the book provides a solid comparative and normative framework while cautioning against the authoritarian instrumentalization of these laws to undermine pluralism and human rights.
subject: Essays
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creator: Angello Peña Barrios
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-12-01
publication date: 2026-12-01
starting page: 145
ending page: 161

The 2024 constitutional reform of the judiciary: challenges in evaluation, committee integration, and electoral campaigns
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description: The constitutional reform to the Mexican Judiciary published on September 15, 2024, introduced an unprecedented system of popular elections for judges and justices. This article examines the main implementation challenges of this reform, focusing on three issues: (1) the lack of uniform methodologies for evaluating and selecting judicial candidates; (2) the deficient composition of evaluation committees, which lack neutrality, proven track record, and professional recognition; and (3) the risks arising from judicial election campaigns, including political propaganda, campaign financing, and the erosion of impartiality. The article concludes that although improvements to the judicial appointment system are necessary, it is crucial to implement rigorous evaluation methods and standardized criteria for committee composition as measures to mitigate the risks of the electoral selection model and to ensure that merit and independence remain paramount in the judiciary
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Marcos del Rosario Rodríguez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Personas autoras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 115
ending page: 141

Between the ballot box and the robe: judicial reform in Mexico and its consequences for democracy
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description: The 2024 Mexican judicial reform, approved under the argument of democratizing justice through the popular election of judges, has triggered one of the most profound constitutional debates in the country’s contemporary history. This study examines its impact on democracy, judicial independence, and the institutional stability of the Mexican State. Based on a doctrinal and comparative review, it demonstrates that the reform, far from strengthening citizen participation, constitutes a setback in terms of the separation of powers and the protection of fundamental rights, thereby eroding Mexican democracy. It is argued that the popular election of judges distorts the counter-majoritarian principle of constitutional justice and opens the door to the political, economic, and criminal capture of judicial bodies. Likewise, the operational crisis of the Federal Judiciary during and after the institutional transition is analyzed, highlighting the risks it poses to the rule of law. The article concludes that judicial independence is not a corporate privilege but a structural requirement for the validity of constitutional democracy.
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Lilia Mónica López Benítez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 RRevista Internacional y Comparada de Derechos Humanos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 87
ending page: 114

The role of the constitutional judge in safeguarding the right to health of persons deprived of liberty in the state of Nuevo León
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description: Based on the constitutional and conventional framework, this study examines the role of the constitutional judge within the penitentiary context of the State of Nuevo León, taking into account the structural vulnerability faced by persons deprived of liberty, particularly with respect to their fundamental right to health. The analysis seeks to determine whether constitutional judicial action fulfills its protective function or, conversely, remains confined to a formalistic and restrictive approach that limits effective judicial protection. Finally, the study reflects on the need to strengthen the role of the constitutional judge as an agent of transformation and as a guarantor of the real and substantive protection of human rights.
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: Edgar Sánchez Hernández
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Personas autoras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 51
ending page: 85

A Politicized Judicial Administration? The Composition and Functioning of the Judicial Administration Body
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description: This article examines the composition and operation of the Judicial Administration Body of the Federal Judiciary, as established by the 2024 constitutional reform of the judiciary. Specifically, the study seeks to determine whether the formula for appointing the members of the Judicial Administration Body is subject to political influence and whether such influence may affect the management of resources and the governance of the judicial career system. The members of this Body must be appointed as follows: one by the President of the Republic, one by the Senate of the Republic, and three by the Plenary of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. These authorities, in turn, hold elective offices that derive from popular will, and political considerations are inherent in their selection. Consequently, the article concludes that the appointment of the members of the Judicial Administration Body may carry a political orientation, which poses a risk to the administration of financial resources, assets, and personnel, as such management could be conducted with favoritism and without adherence to objectivity, impartiality, and administrative neutrality.
subject: Doctrinal article
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creator: José Rafael Belandria García
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right to be the first to publish the work. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 13
ending page: 49

Review. Martinico Giuseppe & Ruotolo Gianpaolo Maria, The Law in Graphic Narratives: Legal Perspectives on Comics, Manga and Anime. Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter.
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description: Han sido muchos los estudios que se vienen realizando sobre la relación entre el derecho y el arte, abarcando desde las representaciones pictóricas y las obras literarias más clásicas hasta las manifestaciones estéticas contemporáneas. Y es dentro de estas últimas donde se centra The Law in Graphic Narratives, una obra colectiva que se adentra en la intersección entre derecho y narrativas visuales, explorando cómo los cómics, el manga y el anime no solo representan el derecho, sino que también lo configuran y cuestionan. Los profesores Giuseppe Martinico y Gianpaolo Maria Ruotolo dirigen este volumen que reúne contribuciones de académicos de diversas disciplinas, ofreciendo una perspectiva multidimensional sobre cómo las formas narrativas gráficas interactúan con conceptos legales y normativos. Una obra que aúna la rigurosidad de publicaciones como Law and Literature Journal con la frescura de jóvenes juristas que aprecian las narrativas gráficas que, con independencia de su origen angloamericano u asiático, abordan cuestiones de carácter universal sobre la justicia.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
  topic: section
creator: Javier Porras Belarra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 247
ending page: 253

https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/489
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title: Review. Garza Onofre, Juan Jesús; Pou Giménez, Francisca; Valadés, Diego, coordinators, Is There a Jurisdictional Path to Declare Constitutional Reforms Unconstitutional?, Mexico, Institute of Legal Research–National Autonomous University of Mexico, 2025,
description: As stated by the eminent constitutional judge and distinguished jurist Gustavo Zagrebelsky, the doctrine of the Constitution in a material sense has long been a classic theme in contemporary constitutional reflection in Italy and other parts of the world. It has generated multiple agreements and disagreements, but never indifference or a priori refutations, in the attempt to link constitutional norms with the effectiveness of political will and with the suitability of the constitutional text as a vital principle and source of effective order, as well as of the renewal of community life. Costantino Mortati’s doctrine on the notion of the Constitution in its material sense and the way it can take shape in particular historical forms of the State continues to enjoy credibility due to the analytical description it offers of the real functioning of the political system and its institutions, as well as the role it plays. Likewise, its influence in the reconstruction of the system of international relations has occupied an important place in the development of Italian constitutional legal science of the 20th century, which in turn has transcended into the present century and permeated our continent.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
  topic: section
creator: Cuauhtémoc Sotelo Rosas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 241
ending page: 246

https://revistas.uadec.mx/ICDH/en/article/view/488
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title: Review. Sergio López Ayllón, J. Jesús Orozco Henríquez, Pedro Salazar and Diego Valadés, Technical Analysis of the 20 Constitutional Reform Initiatives: A Critical and Interdisciplinary Examination. Mexico, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Instit
description: El libro “Análisis técnico de las 20 iniciativas de reformas constitucionales y legales presentadas por el presidente de la República (febrero 5, 2024)” es una obra de gran relevancia en el ámbito jurídico y político de México. Coordinado por Sergio López Ayllón, J. Jesús Orozco Henríquez, Pedro Salazar y Diego Valadés, reúne a más de 40 especialistas del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la Unam, quienes examinan con rigor técnico y profundidad argumentativa las reformas constitucionales propuestas por el presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Su publicación responde a la necesidad de analizar, desde diversas perspectivas, un paquete de reformas que representa la transformación constitucional más amplia en la historia reciente del país. La obra contextualiza estas iniciativas en un momento clave de la evolución constitucional mexicana. Desde su promulgación, la Constitución de 1917 ha experimentado 771 modificaciones mediante 252 decretos de reforma, con una aceleración notable en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, las reformas propuestas por el Ejecutivo federal implican un cambio de paradigma, pues plantean la modificación de 53 artículos constitucionales y establecen un nuevo enfoque denominado “constitucionalismo populista”. Este modelo se caracteriza por una visión de la democracia centrada en la idea de un pueblo homogéneo cuya voluntad es suprema e interpretada por un liderazgo carismático sin intermediaciones institucionales.
subject: Bibliographic reviews
  topic: section
creator: Hyrum Isaac Martínez Gómez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 237
ending page: 240